The Relevance of Behavioral Psychology to Instructional...

The Relevance of Behavioral Psychology to Instructional Technology Behavioral Psychology Defined John Watson wrote a paper in the Psychological Review in 1913 and defined behavioral psychology or behaviorism as †¦a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness. The behaviorist in his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal response recognizes no dividing line between man and brute (Reynolds, Sinatra, Jetton 95). Essentially Watson’s views supported the†¦show more content†¦Lastly the concept of functionalism states when people think or act they do so for a purpose or function(Alberto Troutman 30). Thus behavioral psychology becomes a science emphasizing a practical and observable approach (Alberto Troutman 30). There are many behavioral psychologists that have contributed to the field. John Watson’s definition provided the foundation for Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner. Their work has been extremely beneficial to the development of psychology and education. Ivan Pavlov earned a Nobel Peace Price for his research on respondent conditioning. It was by chance that this discovery was made. He was studying the behavior of dogs in his laboratory. If his assistant who fed the dogs came into the laboratory when Pavlov was studying the dog’s stomach, the dog began to secrete gastric liquids, just as if they had been given food. Pavlov deemed this a psychic secretion and noted that this reaction affected the whole digestive system, starting with the flow of saliva in the mouth as well as the secretion of acids in the stomach(Alberto Troutman 31). His peers discouraged him from pursuing this research, but he continued. His experiment involving the dogs included pairing food powder (which starts salivation-an automatic reflex) with a tone or noise that would normally have no affect on a dog’sShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Essay976 Words   |  4 Pageslecture style, core information with the learning styles and technology skills of today’s 21st century learners, the Net Generation. Twenty-first century learners are digital learners. They want activity rather than lecture and they look to the internet for information that can be accessed 24/7/365. Computer programs and instruction give most students twenty-four hour access and allow for the assimilation of INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY WITH NUTRITION EDUCATION Read MoreChapter 6 : Programmed Instruction Essay2242 Words   |  9 Pagesdefining instructional objectives in behavior terms, developing of criterion test, subject matter analysis 5. Development of programs-designing of frames, prompting, format and thematic sequencing of frames INTRODUCTION: Programmed instruction or programmed learning is one of the important innovations in the teaching-learning process. Programmed instruction is a carefully specified, systematically planned, empirically established, skillfully arranged and effectively controlled self-instructional techniqueRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 Pagesincludes the different planned activities implemented in class to realize the objectives and goals of the written curriculum with the guidance of the teacher. This curriculum varies depending on the students’ learning styles and the teachers’ instructional style. 4. Supported Curriculum – refers to the material resources that will support or help in the implementation of the written curriculum – such as computers, textbooks, laboratory equipment, audio-visual materials, playground, fieldtrips, etcRead MoreLearning Design For An Online Course2165 Words   |  9 Pagesmandatory training provides employees with tools on how to handle workplace violence from both internal staff and customers. The content will be broken down into six modules presented using a LMS. The course will be utilizing Keller’s ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction) model to motivate learners throughout the training (Kellar, 2002). In order to maintain the learners attention training videos and powerpoints with voice over will be utilized. The blog and activity where employeesRead MoreDisadvantages Of Distance Education3790 Words   |  16 Pagesgeographical locations to share a learning space (Grant, Lee, 2014). Often, the diverse student body with fluctuating student needs and the elements of an online course environment have led to increased dropout rates across compelling the review of instructional practices in online settings (Lee, Choi, 2011;2010; Xu, D., Jaggars, 2013). 1.1 Online Course Design and Moore’s Transactual Distance Theory Current course design applies traditional text-based instruction and lecture styles, where studentsRead MoreCritical Thinking - Literature Review12815 Words   |  52 PagesCritical Thinking: A Literature Review Research Report Emily R. Lai June 2011 CRITICAL THINKING 1 About Pearson Pearson, the global leader in education and education technology, provides innovative print and digital education materials for pre-K through college, student information systems and learning management systems, teacher licensure testing, teacher professional development, career certification programs, and testing and assessment products that set the standard for the industry. Pearson’sRead MoreThe Benefits of Progress Monitoring and Assessment on Pupil Performance16691 Words   |  67 Pageseducation 12 2.1.6 Types of progress monitoring 12 2.2 Steps in progress monitoring 14 2.2.1 Benchmarking 14 2.2.2 Determining the Goal 14 2.2.3 Data collection 15 2.2.4 Data representation 16 2.2.5 Evaluation of data 16 2.2.6 Possible instructional adjustments 16 2.2.7 Communicating with parents 17 2.3 Comparing pupil performance 17 2.3.1 Comparing the progress of a pupil 17 2.3.2 Flow chart for progressive monitoring of a specific pupil 19 2.4 Purposes of Progress monitoring andRead MoreEssay on Business Communication Quarterly 2013 F5948 Words   |  24 Pagesself-control, emotionality, and sociability were statistically significant predictors and well-being was not. There are two potential reasons for this result. First, while the participants of this study believed that they had high control over their behavioral urges, a wide range of emotional skills, and social influence, it may be that they felt uncertain about the success of their past social interactions because these other traits and abilities have suddenly emerged. This sudden emergence of untestedRead MoreUnderstanding Of Fidelity Research As A Comprehensive Approach On The Whole School Whole Child ( Wswc ) Model And8040 Words   |  33 Pagescomplementary interim benchmarks o DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Selection + Substitution This occurs when local implementation meets all core component criteria, though an alternate program/product is requested or approved by our partner due to relevance and/or investment. The City Year Fluency Intervention Framework mentioned above is obviously not the only intervention program used across the network. In FY11, teams across the network also used programs like Great Leaps and BURST!. These fluency-focusedRead MoreStrategic Sourcing at China6624 Words   |  27 Pagesmanagement policies are encouraged to send inquiries to: support@neuroleadership.org RESEARCH Learning that lasts through AGES Dr. Lila Davachi, Dr. Tobias Kiefer, Dr. David Rock and Lisa Rock Lila Davachi, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, New York University lila.davachi@nyu.edu Tobias Kiefer, Director, Global Learning Development, Booz Company tobias.kiefer@booz.com David Rock, CEO, NeuroLeadership Group International, Sydney, Australia Faculty, CIMBA Director

Ideas for Celebrating Student Birthdays in School

Teachers celebrate many special days in their classrooms throughout the school year, but birthdays are a special celebration and teachers should make it special for each student. Here are a few ideas for celebrating student birthdays  in the classroom. Birthday Placemats, Balloons, and Covers Make your students day even more special by placing a birthday placemat on their desk. When students enter the classroom everyone will know whos birthday it is by looking at the desks. For an added touch you can attach a brightly colored balloon to the back of the students seat, and cover their chair with a birthday chair cover. All About Me Poster When you know its one of your students birthdays coming up have that child create a special all about me poster. Then, on the day of their birthday, have them share their poster with the class. Birthday Questions Each time it is someones birthday in the class each student gets to ask the birthday student a question from the flower pot. For directions on how to make the flower pot and a downloadable question bank visit Fun For First. Birthday Graph Celebrate birthdays in your classroom by having students create a birthday graph! During the first week of school as a class create a birthday graph that will pose as the birthday bulletin board. Above each month, put the students birthday. Birthday Bags Every child loves getting presents on the birthday! So here is an idea that will not break the bank. At the beginning of the school year go to the nearest Dollar Store and purchase the following items: Cellophane bags, pencils, erasers, candy, and a few trinkets. Then make a birthday bag for each student. This way when their birthday comes around, you will already be prepared. You can even print out cute labels that say Happy Birthday with their name in it. The Birthday Box To create a birthday box all you have to do is cover a shoe box with birthday wrapping paper and place a bow on the top of it. In this box place a birthday certificate, pencil, eraser, and/or any small trinket. When students enter the classroom have each person make the birthday girl or boy a birthday card (this goes in the box too). Then at the end of the day when its time to celebrate give the student their birthday box. Birthday Wish Book Celebrate each students birthday by having the class create a birthday wish book. In this book have each student fill out the following information: Happy Birthday, _____My birthday wish for you on your birthday is _______If I could give you a gift I would give you _______The thing I like the best about you is ______Have a great day! From _______ Once students have filled out their page for the book have them draw a picture. Then assemble all of the pages into a book for the birthday student to take home. Mystery Gift A fun gift to give to students on their birthday is a mystery bag. Purchase one or more items (the dollar store has great cheap gifts for kids) and wrap the items up in different colored tissue paper. Choose dark colors so the student cannot see what is inside. Then place the gifts into a basket and allow the student to choose whichever gift they want.

drugs and alcohol on college students - 1105 Words

Nichole Angell English 102 Bonnie Erwin Research Plan Bud and Brews Drugs and alcohol, do they have a significant impact on the lives of college students or just the ones that fall short to the influence? There is a major problem with students using and abusing these substances, not only does it have negative effects on the user, but on the user s friends and family as well. A lot of drugs and alcohol become easily available to college students over the course of their college years. What can be done to help prevent students from abusing drugs and alcohol? Overall, drugs and alcohol do have a serious effect on the lives of college students. In college it is extremely hard for some students to have self-control. According†¦show more content†¦Some could even argue that alcohol is the biggest gateway drug. A study from the University of Florida explains why they believe alcohol is a bigger gateway drug than marijuana. The study showed that substance use begins with the most sociably acceptable drugs, being alcohol and tobacco, then proceeds to marijuana use and lastly on to other illegal, harder drugs, like cocaine. Furthermore, students who used alcohol exhibited a significantly greater likelihood up to sixteen times of illicit and licit substance use. Alcohol is what s being put on a pedestal, so students seek it out. When majority of students drink, they binge drink. This is one of the worst ways to consume alcohol and have harsh side effects. Campuses do not realize how harmful this is to the student body and mind. There should be more programs to raise awareness and inform students of the effects of alcohol abuse. If peers, professors or other influential members of the community see a problem within a student they should be able to refer them to counseling and seek proper help needed. Peers do play an influential role in pressuring others to party and do drugs, especially roommates. Male students that consumed alcohol or abused drugs in high school that came to college and became roommates with ano ther male that was similar to them in high school could have negative effects on each other and are probable to increase their consumption intoShow MoreRelatedAlcohol And Drug Use Among College Students960 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and drug use among college students is viewed as innoxious fun which students take part in to get away from the stress of being a student. What begins as innocent fun can quickly lead to a self-destructive path. While often referred to as substance abuse, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 redefined it as; Substance Use Disorders and explains it to be as a cluster of cognitive, behavioral and physiological symptoms which indicate that an individual continues to useRead MoreEssay on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Among College Students713 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol and Drug Abuse Among College Students Alcohol and drug abuse has been an active habit among college students sense the 1960s. The immediate cause of this behavior was the youth’s need to rebel against the overly conservative American society. This rebellion led to a since of freedom for the young adults, which caused them to continue acting in these unintelligent manners. After a short period of time, late teens just did not belong if they were not participating in the mischievousRead MoreAlcohol Is The Number One Drug Used By College Students1798 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to research and statistics, alcohol is the number one drug used by college students. Most individuals do not label alcohol as a drug due to the way it is consumed, but when considering the negative side effects that accompany alcohol, the comparison of alcohol to drugs may not be that far of a stretch. Alcohol can not only be harmful to an individual’s external health but also their internal health as well. Consumption of alcoho l over a long period of time may result in negative side effectsRead MoreInformative Speech On Drug Abuse On Campus1125 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of drugs and alcohol has quadrupled in college students and more students are visiting hospitals than ever. B. Audience Relevance: Drugs is one of the major issues in our society these days. The usage of drugs on college campus has been a major issue throughout the country and it has effected a lot of people, not only the ones who became victim of the issue but also friends and families of those students got affected too. This issue results in the poor performance of the students and thenRead MoreDrug and alcohol violations on college campuses1285 Words   |  6 Pagesand Athlete students are involved with drugs and alcohol more than college students that are not part of Greek life or athletes. As of the peer pressure and the exposure exhibited in their surroundings does have an impact on their use of drugs and alcohol. For most students, they like to go to college to gain new opportunities to experience college life and to experiment with different things. The United States has over 7,000 higher education institutions and over 15 million students (Brain TrackRead MoreThe Use Of Drugs And Alcohol On College Campuses873 Words   |  4 Pages The use of drugs and alcohol on college campuses has always been a problem but the drastic increase in the amount of college students binge drinking and abusing prescription and illegal drugs from the early 90’s till now is becoming more alarming and has to be acted upon. American colleges have had a problem with alcohol abuse since the first colleges were created, but until recently college drinking has been ignored, and tolerated, although it is proven to have negative effects not only on theRead MoreEssay about drugs1091 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, America has been fighting against drug and alcohol abuse in teens and adults. Many ways companies and anti drug groups try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through education in school systems and out of school systems. They teach young students about drugs and alcohol before they risk being around them, and they teach older students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. Are these education programs really necessary? That’s the question many people ask,Read MoreSubstance Abuse And Binge Drinking Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesAbuse and Binge Drinking in Bryan College Station Substance abuse is a major problem that takes place on college campuses across the nation in today’s society. According to The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse half of all full-time college students binge drink, abuse prescription drugs and/ or abuse illegal drugs. This amounts to 3.8 million students. This research essay will be focusing on substance abuse in the Bryan College Station area among students, and what solutions AM representativesRead MoreDrug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesDrug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes The topic that I have chosen is student athletes use of drugs and alcohol. Im interested to see if the old theory that student athletes tend to stay away from these things still holds true today. From my own personal experience as a former high school and college football player, I doubt that this is true. Id also like to find some studies that may compare student athletes to the general student body to see if there is a correlation of usage betweenRead MoreAlcohol And Drugs And Their Effects On First Year Students1544 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drugs and their Effects on First-Year Students Alcohol has been a part of human society for millennia. It can be found in churches, gas stations, supermarkets, and nearly everywhere else. Drugs are becoming more ubiquitous as well, with the legalization of cannabis now active in some form in 25 states (Maciag â€Å"State†). However, no single place is more saturated with alcohol and drugs than the college campus. Despite the troves of research that have been done to give evidence that they

Businesses to Comply With Environmental †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Businesses to Comply With Environmental? Answer: Introduction In the era of twenty-first centuries, the businesses have gone to another level of success as the various business operations of the organizations have evolved significantly. However, the environment of the earth has been paying for this evolution. One just cannot ignore the fact the business operation of the organizations have adverse effects on the environment, the societies and the people of the societies. These effects can be divided into two terms; they are Direct Effect and Indirect Effect. The present report is based on the provided case study of British Petroleum Limited, commonly known as BP. The provided case study indicates that BP is responsible for the damages they have brought to the environment and ecosystem (synergiz.fr 2017). Three major issues are there related to the BP. They are the effects of oil spill on the ecosystem of the oceans, lack of effort of the organization regarding the aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity of the control of risks and the lack of the str ucture of regulation for the barriers of renovation cost. Purpose of the Report A crucial factor is that BP harms the environment, society and ecosystem of the oceans and the company is unable to determine its renovation cost. Hence, the organizations have measured all the damages done by them on monetary basis. Major attention is put on the calculation of the worth of oil spill, as oil spill is a non-marketed product. For this reason, the government has held BP responsible to provide clean-up cost of the oil spill. A major aspect is that BP has not pictured the harm to the ecosystem caused by the company. Thus, the purpose of the report is to make BP alert about their various activities to damage the environment along with the oil-spill. Issues to be discussed and their significance The issues are as follows: The effects of oil spill on the ecosystem of the oceans The lack of effort of the organization regarding the aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity of the control of risks The lack of the structure of regulation for the determination of renovation cost. Research Method With the help of primary and secondary data, the above-identified problems can be analyzed. Researcher can go for telephonic or face-to-face interview in order to collect the primary data and to conduct qualitative analysis. On the other hand, the researcher can adopt the method of arranging online or offline questionnaire survey in order to conduct quantitative analysis. The various sources of secondary data are company websites, journals, articles, books and others. Limitations and Assumptions In order to make the analysis more effective, the researcher has to visit the place where the oil spill took place to gather correct information. For this, the researcher has to collect the data from the residents of Gulf. Another dependable source for collecting the data is the employees of BP with the help of questionnaire survey. It may happen that some of the participants will be reluctant to answer the question because of the nature and topic of the research. Hence, the researcher may have to face issues regarding the process of data collection. Literature Review Effects of Oil Spill on the Aquatic Ecosystem Oil spill can be refereed as pollution caused by various human activities (Avel 2014). Oil spills can be of two types. They are accidental oil spill and intentional oil spill and the type is determined based on the reasons of the oil spill. Different kinds of reasons are associated with accidental oil spill and hence they are called accidental oil spill. However, carelessness, negligence and ignorance are responsible for intentional oil spill. Both kinds of oil spills affect the aquatic ecosystem in a negative and adverse manner. BP is solely liable for the oil spill in Gulf region and it is the duty of the company to recognize the clean-up costs (Brennan 2013). However, the company is unwilling to disclose the amount of damage they have done in the oil spill. Due to the cause of the damage is oil spill, it is not easy to calculate the worth of the damage. It has been found that BP has calculated the worth of damage on the basis of money and time. Moreover, the company has not taken enough initiatives to appraise and assess the harm (Silliman et al. 2012). Lack of Service of Ecosystem for the Control of the Risks The faith of the stakeholders towards the company is noticeable as per the moral and ethical standard of BP (Gray, Adams and Owen 2014). Thus, it is the responsibility of the company to conserve the social wealth along with the ecological wealth. In addition, BP needs to introduce various kinds of important accounting standards regarding the environment in order to make the organization more responsible to the stakeholders of the company (Leifer et al. 2012). The customization of the environmental accounting standards is required as there is a relation among the ecosystem, environment and corporate agent. Every business operation of the organizations has adverse effect on the environment. For this reason, it is the responsibility of the organizations to introduce environmental accounting standards for healthy and balanced ecosystem (Passow et al. 2012). Lack of Regulation Structure to Determine Renovation Cost Most of the petroleum companies all over the world have to face severe level of penalty for damaging the ecological and social wealth by helping in the process of political bargaining (Kheroubi et al. 2016). This is not considered as the perfect process as it does not help in the process of recovering the damages done by the companies to the environment. In the process of evaluation of the associated risks, one cannot ignore the significance of process-oriented framework and it is for the betterment of the environment. The development of plans and the improvement of the security barriers are its main functions (Issacharoff and Rave 2013). In case of the oil spill, it has been found that the breakdown in the dictatorial agency is responsible for the oil spill. In addition, to judge the level of efforts that an organization is putting to restore the ecological assets, the divulge data of the organizations play an integral part. Hence, the lack in the regulation structure has an adverse effect on the determination of the renovation cost by the organizations. For this purpose, the process oriented environment framework is needed to protect the environment (Allan, Smith and Anderson 2012). Method Procedures In this particular research process, the researcher will adopt both types of methodologies and they are primary process and secondary process. Therefore, the researcher will distribute both online and offline questionnaire among the employees of BP and the residents of Gulf region. On the other hand, the researcher will gather the secondary information from various books, journal articles and the company website. Sample Size For this research process, the researcher will gather the primary data on a random basis from sample size. The Sample will consist of 200 residents of the Gulf region along with 70 employees of BP. The aim is to make the study simple and short. Selection Criteria In this research process, the researcher will adopt the simple techniques for the sampling process. In addition, in case of the selection of fixed samples, the random process technique will be applied. Hence, the researcher will incorporate the probability sampling technique. Discussion and Analysis of Data Effects of Oil Spill on the Aquatic Ecosystem Based on the data band information provided by the employees of BP at the time of questionnaire survey, it can be seen that various reasons exists behind the Gulf oil spill. The figure shows the different types of oil spills along with the percentage of occurrence. Figure 1: Oil Spill Types and their Occurrence Percentage (Source: bp.com 2017) The above pie chart shows that all the oil spills have their negative effect on the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, this process also increases the morality rate of the aquatic animals. Lack of Service of Ecosystem for the Control of the Risks Among the different kinds of oil spills, the occurrence of the accidental oil spills is common in the oceans. The lack in the adoption of the ecosystem services is considered as the main reason behind it. Ecosystem services are main tools to control the risks. Hence, it is the utmost priority of BP to implement these kinds of services in their business operations. Based on the provided information from the residents of Gulf region, it can be said that the oil spill significantly affected the deepwater suspension. Apart from this, other problems are also there. They are as follows: Figure 2: Effects of Oil Spills (Source: Fingas 2016) Lack of Regulation Structure to Determine Renovation Cost At the time of the survey of the employees of BP through questionnaire, the employees indicated that with the consistent rise in the demand of oil, the supply of oil also increased. With the increase in the demand and supply of oil, some of the related factors also increased like the number of employees, the number of contracts and many others. On the other hand, with the increase in the demand of oil, the instances of oil spills also massively increased. The data and information collected from the employees of BP can be used to know the projected budget of Deepwater Horizon Oil. Figure 3: Oil Budget of Deepwater Horizon (Source: McNutt et al. 2012) The following chart is a helpful tool to understand the lack of environmental regulation structure of BP. Figure 4: Lack of Environmental Regulation Structure (Source: Cainelli, Mazzanti and Zoboli 2013) Reliability and Accuracy of Data This total research process will be performed based on the collected primary and secondary data. The researcher will not disclose any of the information of the employees. Hence, the respondents can consider that researcher is trustworthy. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it can be said that BP need to be alert about the negative effect of their business operation on the environment. Hence, the company should employ accurate measures to make the business eco-friendly. With the help of this strategy, the number of incidents of oil spills can be reduced. The fined paid by BP in relation to the oil spill is not sufficient and hence, they need to pay the exact fines. Recommendations It is recommended that BP should adopt the environmental accounting standards in order to measure the exact effects of their business operations on the environment and the ecosystem. It is recommended that BP needs to be more thoughtful about biodiversity. For this regard, the company needs to incorporate remedial measures to protect biodiversity. References Allan, S.E., Smith, B.W. and Anderson, K.A., 2012. Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters.Environmental science technology,46(4), pp.2033-2039. Avel, D., 2014. Positive accounting theory: theoretical and critical perspectives.International Journal of Critical Accounting,6(4), pp.396-415. Bp.com. 2017.Bp.com. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com [Accessed 23 May. 2017]. Brennan, L.C., 2013.Gulf Oil Spill. ABDO Publishing Company. Cainelli, G., Mazzanti, M. and Zoboli, R., 2013. Environmental performance, manufacturing sectors and firm growth: structural factors and dynamic relationships.Environmental Economics and Policy Studies,15(4), pp.367-387. Fingas, M., 2016.Oil spill science and technology. Gulf professional publishing. Gray, R., Adams, C. and Owen, D., 2014.Accountability, social responsibility and sustainability: Accounting for society and the environment. Pearson Higher Ed. Issacharoff, S. and Rave, D.T., 2013. The BP Oil Spill Settlement and the Paradox of Public Litigation.La. L. Rev.,74, p.397. Kheroubi, B., Benzair, A., Tounsi, A. and Semmah, A., 2016. A new refined nonlocal beam theory accounting for effect of thickness stretching in nanoscale beams.ADVANCES IN NANO RESEARCH,4(4), pp.251-264. Leifer, I., Lehr, W.J., Simecek-Beatty, D., Bradley, E., Clark, R., Dennison, P., Hu, Y., Matheson, S., Jones, C.E., Holt, B. and Reif, M., 2012. State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill.Remote Sensing of Environment,124, pp.185-209. McNutt, M.K., Camilli, R., Crone, T.J., Guthrie, G.D., Hsieh, P.A., Ryerson, T.B., Savas, O. and Shaffer, F., 2012. Review of flow rate estimates of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(50), pp.20260-20267. Passow, U., Ziervogel, K., Asper, V. and Diercks, A., 2012. Marine snow formation in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.Environmental Research Letters,7(3), p.035301. Silliman, B.R., van de Koppel, J., McCoy, M.W., Diller, J., Kasozi, G.N., Earl, K., Adams, P.N. and Zimmerman, A.R., 2012. Degradation and resilience in Louisiana salt marshes after the BPDeepwater Horizon oil spill.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(28), pp.11234-11239. synergiz.fr. (2017).THE FINANCIAL IMPACTS OF BPS RESPONSE TO THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL. [online] Available at: https://www.synergiz.fr/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Case-study-BP-gulf-oil.pdf [Accessed 23 May 2017].